He mea nui ka hoʻonohonoho o nā lako leo keʻena ʻoihana no ka hana keu. I kēia manawa, nui nā ʻano o nā lako leo kahua ma ka mākeke me nā hana like ʻole, kahi e lawe mai ai i kahi paʻakikī i ke koho ʻana i nā lako leo. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻo nā lako leo hoʻonaʻauao ʻoihana me ka microphone + mixer + amplifier + speaker. Ma waho aʻe o ka microphone, pono ke kumu leo ​​i nā DVD, nā kamepiula e hoʻokani mele, a pēlā aku. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā kamepiula wale nō. Akā inā makemake ʻoe i nā hopena kani o ke kahua ʻoihana, ma waho aʻe o nā limahana kūkulu kahua ʻoihana, pono ʻoe e hoʻohui i nā lako kani e like me nā mea hana, ka mana sequencer, equalizers, a me nā palena palena. E hoʻolauna mākou he aha nā lako leo ʻoihana ʻoihana nui:

1. Hoʻohui hoʻoluʻolu: kahi mea hoʻohui leo me nā hoʻokomo ʻana i nā kahawai he nui, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kani o kēlā me kēia kahawai, me nā kahawai hema a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau, ka hui ʻana, ka nānā ʻana i nā huahana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

2. Mea hoʻonui mana: He mea hana e hoʻololi i nā hōʻailona uila i nā hōʻailona mana helu no ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā mea leo e hoʻopuka i ke kani. ʻO ke kūlana hoʻohālikelike o ka mana amplifier mana ʻo ia ka impedance pukana o ka mana amplifier e like me ka impedance ukana o ka mea haʻiʻōlelo, a ʻo ka mana puka o ka mana amplifier e kūlike me ka mana nominal o ka mea haʻi'ōlelo.

3. Reverberator: I loko o ka ʻōnaehana kani o nā keʻena hula a me nā wahi ʻaha mele hoʻomālamalama nui o ke kahua, ʻo kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ka leo o ke kanaka. Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻia ʻana o ke mele kanaka e ka reverberation, hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi ʻano nani o ka leo uila, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai ka leo hīmeni. Hiki iā ia ke hūnā i kekahi mau hemahema i ka leo o ka poʻe mele mele, e like me ka haʻahaʻa, ka walaʻau ʻāʻī, a me ka walaʻau leo ​​kani ma o ka hana reverberation, i ʻole e ʻoluʻolu ka leo. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka leo reverberation ke hoʻopau i ka nele o nā overtones i ke ʻano timbre o nā mele mele ʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa leo kūikawā. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia i ka hopena o nā ʻaha mele kukui.

4. Mea hoʻokaʻawale alapine: Ua kapa ʻia kahi kaapuni a i ʻole mea ʻike i ka mahele alapine. Nui nā ʻano mea hoʻokaʻawale alapine. E like me nā ʻano nalu like ʻole o kā lākou mau hōʻailona mahele alapine, aia ʻelua ʻano: ʻo ka mahele pinepine sinus a me ka mahele pinepine pulse. ʻO kāna hana maʻamau, ʻo ia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka hōʻailona leo piha piha i nā ʻāpana alapine like ʻole e like me nā koi o ka mea haʻi'ōlelo i hui pū ʻia, i hiki ai i ka pūʻulu haʻiʻōlelo ke loaʻa ka hōʻailona hauʻoli o ka puʻupuʻu alapine kūpono a hana i ke kūlana maikaʻi loa.

5. Pitch shifter: No ka like ʻole o nā kūlana leo o ka poʻe, loaʻa iā lākou nā koi like ʻole no ka pitch o nā mele hoʻokani i ke mele ʻana. Makemake kekahi poʻe e haʻahaʻa, a ʻo kekahi e pono ke kiʻekiʻe. Ma kēia ʻano, pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka leo o ka mele hoʻokani i nā koi o ka mea mele, i ʻole e ʻike ʻia ka leo mele a me ka hoʻokani pila. Inā hoʻohana ʻoe i kahi lipine hoʻokani pila, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka pitch shifter no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pitch.

6. Compressor: ʻO ia ka inoa hui no ka hui pū ʻana o ka compressor a me ka limiter. ʻO kāna hana nui ʻo ia ka pale ʻana i ka mana amplifier a me nā mea haʻi'ōlelo (speakers) a hana i nā hopena kani kūikawā.

7. Mea hoʻoheheʻe: E hoʻolako i nā hopena leo kani, me ka reverberation, lohi, echo a me nā lako kani no ka hana kani kūikawā.

8. Equalizer: He mea ia no ka hoʻonui ʻana a hoʻemi i nā alapine like ʻole a hoʻoponopono i nā ʻāpana o ka bass, midrange, a me treble.

9. Nā leo leo a me nā leo: ʻO nā leo kani nā mea e hoʻohuli i nā hōʻailona uila i nā hōʻailona leo. Wahi a ke kumu, aia nā ʻano uila, ʻano electromagnetic, piezoelectric ceramic type electrostatic type a me pneumatic type.

ʻO ka mea haʻiʻōlelo, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka pahu haʻiʻōlelo, he mea ia e hoʻokomo ai i ka ʻāpana leo i loko o ke keʻena. ʻAʻole ia he mea kani, akā he mea kōkua kani e hōʻike a hoʻonui i ka bass. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻano: nā mea ʻōlelo paʻa, nā ʻōlelo hoʻohuli, a me nā mea ʻōlelo labyrinth. He mea koʻikoʻi ke kumu kūlana o ka mea haʻi'ōlelo ma ke kahua.

10. Microphone: ʻO ka microphone kahi transducer electro-acoustic e hoʻololi i ke kani i nā hōʻailona uila. ʻO ia ka ʻāpana like ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana leo. E like me kona kuhikuhi ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i non-directivity (circular), directivity (cardioid, super-cardioid) a me ke kuhikuhi ikaika. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka non-directivity ka mea kikoʻī no nā pahu kiʻi; hoʻohana ʻia ke kuhikuhi no ka ʻohi ʻana i nā kumu kani e like me ka leo a me ke mele; ikaika directivity mea kiko'ī no ka ohi i ka leo o kekahi kumu azimuth, a me ka hema a me ka 'aoʻao'ākau a ma hope o ka leo ua kāpaeʻia mai ka microphone pickup wahi, a Special hoʻohana o ke kumu o ka like 'ole keʻano o ka hawewe kani, he slender tubular microphone i hana ia me ka sonic interference tube, kanaka i kapaia pu-type microphone, i hoʻohana 'ia ma ke kahua hana a me ka nūhou ninaninau; e like me ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka noi e hoʻokaʻawale i ka microphone dynamic , Ribbon microphones, condenser microphones, pressure zone microphones-PZM, electret microphones, MS-style stereo microphones, reverberation microphones, pitch-change microphones, etc.